Cost to Fill a Pool in 25 US Cities: Water and Sewer Rate Ledger, October 2026

The ledger in brief

• Filling a 20,000-gallon pool cost a median $215.09 in water and sewer charges across 25 US cities at rates in effect on 2026-10-04 (PC&S calculation from each utility’s schedule, for example City of Tampa).
• Houston, TX was the most expensive city at $649.98 for 20,000 gallons in October 2026, of which $304.00 was wastewater (Houston Public Works).
• Sacramento, CA was the cheapest at $39.00 for 20,000 gallons in October 2026, because water is a flat $1.4587 per CCF and sewer is a flat monthly fee (City of Sacramento).
• Sewer charges raised the fill cost in 8 of 25 cities in a summer month in 2026; 5 of them bill sewer on every gallon of fill water with no cap (PC&S review of sewer rules, for example Houston Public Works).
• In Atlanta, GA, sewer was 71.8% of the 20,000-gallon fill cost in 2026 ($419.52 of $584.22), and the city gives no billing adjustment for pool fills through the home meter (Atlanta Watershed Management).
• 12 of the 25 cities set residential sewer from winter water use, so a summer fill adds no sewer, but a 20,000-gallon fill inside the winter window would add $1,052.41 in sewer charges over 12 months in Salt Lake City, UT under 2026 rates (Salt Lake City Public Utilities).
• Charlotte, NC was the only ledger city where filling a residential pool was banned on 2026-10-04, under Stage 2 mandatory restrictions in force since 2026-05-15 (Charlotte Water).

Cost to fill a pool by city: the 20,000-gallon ledger for 25 US cities

At October 2026 rates, the cost to fill a pool of 20,000 gallons ranged from $39.00 to $649.98, a 16.7x gap. The ranking is driven less by the price of water than by two rate design choices: steep upper tiers, and whether the sewer utility bills fill water as wastewater.

The five most expensive cities for a 20,000-gallon fill in October 2026 were Houston, TX $649.98, Atlanta, GA $584.22, Miami-Dade County (Miami), FL $481.90, Austin, TX $421.05, Los Angeles, CA $394.30. Three of those five (Houston, TX, Atlanta, GA and Miami-Dade County, FL) bill sewer on every gallon of metered water with no residential cap (Houston Public Works, Atlanta Watershed Management, Miami-Dade WASD).

Water alone, the order changes. Austin, TX had the highest water-only cost at $421.05, followed by Los Angeles, CA at $394.30 and San Antonio, TX at $360.31. All three price the top of a large month steeply: Austin at $22.21 per 1,000 gallons above 20,000 gallons (Austin Water), LADWP at $15.024 per HCF in its upper blocks (LADWP), and SAWS at a combined base rate, Water Supply Fee and Stage 3 surcharge above 20,000 gallons (SAWS).

Cost to fill a pool by size: 10,000, 20,000 and 30,000 gallons and a summer top-off

Fill cost rises faster than volume in most cities because each extra 1,000 gallons lands in a higher tier. A 30,000-gallon fill cost more than double a 20,000-gallon fill in Las Vegas ($284.94 versus $124.94) and Orlando ($298.60 versus $143.85).

Pool volume is length x width x average depth x 7.5 for rectangular and free-form pools, and x 5.9 for round or oval pools, according to the City of Akron. By that chart, a 14 ft x 28 ft in-ground pool at 4.5 ft average depth holds 13,200 gallons, a 16 ft x 32 ft pool at 5 ft holds 19,200 gallons, a 20 ft x 40 ft pool at 5 ft holds 30,000 gallons. One cubic foot holds 7.48 gallons (USGS).

At October 2026 rates, a 30,000-gallon fill cost $1,003.98 in Houston, TX and $876.34 in Atlanta, GA. In Las Vegas, NV, 30,000 gallons cost $284.94, more than twice the $124.94 for 20,000 gallons, because July use above 28,000 gallons a month triggers the Excessive Use Charge (LVVWD).

A summer top-off is far cheaper than a fill. The City of Mesa estimates that a pool with 400 sq ft of surface loses 2,690 gallons to evaporation in June. Replacing 2,690 gallons cost from $5.25 in Sacramento, CA to $78.58 in Atlanta, GA in October 2026 rates. The EPA WaterSense pool guide puts annual evaporation from an uncovered 500 sq ft pool at 12,000 to 31,000 gallons, and says solid covers cut evaporation by more than 90 percent.

Sewer charges when filling a pool: which cities bill them and what credits save

Pool water does not go down the drain, yet 8 of 25 cities raised the sewer bill on a summer fill in 2026. Where sewer is billed on every gallon, it can be the larger part of the cost; where sewer follows winter use, timing matters more than the rate.

Five ledger cities bill wastewater on all metered water with no residential cap: Houston, TX, Atlanta, GA, Miami-Dade County (Miami), FL, Raleigh, NC, New Orleans, LA. In those cities sewer made up 44.5% (Raleigh) to 71.8% (Atlanta) of the 20,000-gallon fill cost in October 2026.

Sewer volume is capped in 3 cities. Charlotte stops sewer at 16 CCF a month (Charlotte Water), the City of Orlando at 14,000 gallons (City of Orlando), and Nashville limits April to November sewer to the January to March average plus 30% (Metro Water Services). Tampa bills sewer up to a household “sewer max” set at the third-lowest month of the last 24 (City of Tampa).

12 cities set residential sewer from winter water use (Albuquerque, Austin, Dallas and Oklahoma City bill the lower of the month or the winter average), 4 (Las Vegas, Riverside, Fresno and Sacramento) charge a flat sewer fee, and Tampa’s household sewer max sits at a low-use month, so a summer fill adds no sewer in 17 cities. The risk is a fill during the averaging window. Under 2026 rates, a 20,000-gallon fill in one winter averaging month would add $1,052.41 over 12 months in Salt Lake City, $459.83 in Fort Worth, $406.74 in Tucson, $364.00 in San Antonio and $330.20 in Phoenix.

• Atlanta, GA: filling through an irrigation meter or a rented hydrant meter avoids sewer, worth $419.52 on 20,000 gallons (Atlanta Watershed Management).
• Miami-Dade County, FL: a sewer-deduct submeter (from $97.74 plus a $50 inspection fee) keeps fill water off the sewer bill, worth $231.48 on 20,000 gallons; WASD also allows one pool credit a year (Miami-Dade WASD).
• Raleigh, NC: one pool wastewater adjustment per 12 months for a fill between March and October, worth $141.98 on 20,000 gallons (Raleigh Water).
• New Orleans, LA: a dedicated irrigation meter carries no sewer charge, worth $147.22 on 20,000 gallons (SWBNO).
• Orlando, FL: a once-a-year Pool Fill Credit resets sewer to the 12-month average, worth up to $33.85 on 20,000 gallons (City of Orlando).
• Nashville, TN: the automatic April to November cap saved $178.60 on a 20,000-gallon fill versus full sewer billing, and a separate pool adjustment covers December to March fills (Metro Water Services).
• Phoenix, AZ, Los Angeles, CA and Tucson, AZ: sewer review, adjustment or appeal processes cover fills that land in the winter averaging period (City of Phoenix, LA Sanitation, Pima County).

Water rate cards behind the cost to fill a pool, by utility

Every figure in the ledger comes from the utility’s own rate page, tariff or ordinance, saved on 2026-10-04 with its effective date. The rate cards show the tier blocks, per-unit surcharges and the fixed charges that were left out.

Rates moved in 2026. Houston raised water and wastewater rates by an average 7.87% on 2026-04-01 (Houston Public Works); San Diego water rose 14.7% on 2026-01-01 (City of San Diego); Nashville added 3% on 2026-01-01 (Metro Water Services); Tampa’s top tier moved from $10.71 to $10.82 per CCF on 2026-10-01 (City of Tampa). Atlanta’s rates are fixed from 2024-07-01 through 2028-06-30 (Atlanta Watershed Management).

Can you fill a pool during drought restrictions? Rules in force in October 2026

On 2026-10-04 only one of the ledger cities banned filling residential pools outright. Most drought plans reach pools only at their most severe stages, which were not in force.

Charlotte Water’s Stage 2 rules, in force since 2026-05-15, prohibit filling residential swimming pools and allow top-offs on Thursdays and Sundays before 6 a.m. or after 6 p.m. (Charlotte Water). Dallas, Fort Worth and Austin drought plans ban pool filling only at Stage 3 or Stage 5, and LADWP’s ordinance only at Phase V (Dallas Water Utilities, LADWP).

Filling a pool with a hose, a hydrant meter or a water truck

A garden hose on the home meter is priced in the ledger. Hydrant and irrigation meters can be cheaper where sewer is billed on all water. PC&S found no official source for water truck delivery prices.

A typical 5/8-inch garden hose flows 12 to 15 gallons a minute (City of Highfill), so 20,000 gallons takes 22.2 to 27.8 hours. A hand-held hose with a spray nozzle flows only 3 to 5 gallons a minute (City of Thousand Oaks).

In Houston, a one-month transient meter rental ($167.50) plus water at $13.81 per 1,000 gallons came to $443.70 for 20,000 gallons in 2026, against $649.98 through the home meter (Houston Public Works). In Raleigh, a hydrant meter at $8.32 per CCF plus a $10 daily rental came to $232.46, against $318.91 through the home meter, plus a $500 deposit (Raleigh Water).

Water truck delivery is a private service, and none of the utilities reviewed publishes delivery prices. PC&S therefore does not estimate a truck price. See also how many pools there are in the US and the cost to run a pool pump once the pool is full.

City results

1. Houston, TX had the highest cost per 1,000 gallons of pool fill water in October 2026, $32.50 for water and wastewater combined (Houston Public Works).
2. Sacramento, CA had the lowest cost per 1,000 gallons in October 2026, $1.95, on a water rate unchanged since 2019-07-01 (City of Sacramento).
3. Austin, TX had the highest water-only cost for a 20,000-gallon fill in October 2026, $421.05, because its fifth tier charges $22.21 per 1,000 gallons above 20,000 gallons a month and a tier-based fixed charge rises with use (Austin Water).
4. Miami-Dade County, FL charged $231.48 in sewer on a 20,000-gallon fill under rates effective 2026-10-01, 48.0% of the $481.90 total (Miami-Dade WASD).
5. New Orleans, LA billed sewer on 85% of metered water in 2026, adding $147.22 to a 20,000-gallon fill; its posted rate table is still dated January 2021 (Sewerage and Water Board of New Orleans).
6. Charlotte, NC caps residential sewer at 16 CCF a month (FY2027 rates effective 2026-07-01), which held sewer on a 20,000-gallon fill to $27.30 and saved $156.66 versus uncapped billing (Charlotte Water).
7. Las Vegas, NV water for a 20,000-gallon fill cost $124.94 in a July billing period but $250.94 in a January period in 2026, because the $9 per 1,000-gallon Excessive Use Charge starts at 14,000 gallons in a winter period versus 28,000 in summer (LVVWD).
8. Phoenix, AZ water for a 20,000-gallon fill cost $180.61 at June to September rates and $148.53 at December to March rates in 2026 (City of Phoenix).
9. Filling 20,000 gallons in the Phoenix, AZ January to March sewer averaging window would add $330.20 in sewer fees over 12 months under 2026 rates, unless a Sewer Fee Review is granted (City of Phoenix).
10. Houston, TX customers could fill 20,000 gallons through a one-month transient meter rental for $443.70 in 2026, $206.28 less than through the home meter (Houston Public Works).
11. Raleigh, NC adjusts wastewater back to the monthly average for one pool fill between March and October, worth $141.98 on a 20,000-gallon fill at FY2027 rates (Raleigh Water).
12. San Antonio, TX has been in Stage 3 since 2026-09-21, which adds a $10.37 per 1,000-gallon surcharge above 20,000 gallons a month; a 30,000-gallon fill cost $627.32 in October 2026 (SAWS).
13. Las Vegas, NV limits new single-family pools to 600 sq ft of water surface under a July 2022 SNWA rule; refilling existing pools is not restricted (SNWA).
14. Salt Lake City, UT raised Block 1 water from $2.84 to $3.36 per CCF on 2026-07-01, and the city’s 20,000-gallon fill cost $141.18 in October 2026 (Salt Lake City Public Utilities).

Calculations behind the ledger

Download the calculation sheet (CSV)

Questions and answers

Quick answers

Rate schedules in effect

• 2026-10-01Austin Water, City of Tampa, Miami-Dade WASD and OUC (Orlando) put new rates into effect on 2026-10-01; Austin’s top tier rose from $20.40 to $22.21 per 1,000 gallons (Austin Water). Dallas held water and wastewater rates unchanged on 2026-10-01 (Dallas Water Utilities).
• 2026-09-21SAWS returned San Antonio to Stage 3 watering rules, which carry a $10.37 per 1,000-gallon surcharge on residential use above 20,000 gallons a month (SAWS).
• 2026-08-03Raleigh lifted its Stage 1 water restrictions (City of Raleigh).
• 2026-07-01Charlotte Water FY2027 rates took effect, with Tier 4 water at $11.93 per CCF (FY2026: $11.20) (Charlotte Water). Salt Lake City, Raleigh, Riverside and Albuquerque also started new fiscal-year rates on 2026-07-01.
• 2026-05-15Charlotte Water declared Stage 2 mandatory restrictions that prohibit filling residential pools; top-offs are allowed on Thursdays and Sundays before 6 a.m. or after 6 p.m. (Charlotte Water).
• 2026-04-01Houston raised water and wastewater rates by an average 7.87%; the top water tier went from $19.43 to $20.20 per 1,000 gallons (Houston Public Works).
• 2026-03-25Denver Water declared a Stage 1 drought and added temporary drought charges to Tier 2 and Tier 3 water through 2027-04-30 (Denver Water).
• 2026-01-01San Diego water rates rose 14.7%, with single-family tiers moving from $7.34, $8.31 and $10.46 to $8.51, $9.50 and $11.89 per HCF (City of San Diego).

Source quality

Tier 1: primary and government sources (139)

• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: How We Use Water (WaterSense): United States
• U.S. Geological Survey: Water Science Glossary: United States
• City of Highfill, Arkansas: Do-It-Yourself Residential Customer Water Audit: Highfill, AR (municipal utility definition)
• City of Thousand Oaks: Water Use: Thousand Oaks, CA
• City of Akron, Ohio: How to calculate the gallons in a swimming pool: Akron, OH (municipal utility guidance)
• City of Mesa, Arizona: Is Your Pool Leaking? (Water Evaporation chart): Mesa, AZ
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Jump Into Pool Water Efficiency (WaterSense): United States
• City of Chandler, Arizona: Pool Care: Chandler, AZ
• Town of Flower Mound, Texas: Pool Evaporation: Flower Mound, TX
• City of Phoenix Water Services: Draining and Backwashing Your Pool: Phoenix, AZ
• Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority (ABCWUA): Residential water rate schedule: Albuquerque, NM
• Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority (ABCWUA): Official restriction notice: Albuquerque, NM
• City of Atlanta Department of Watershed Management (DWM): Residential water rate schedule: Atlanta, GA
• City of Atlanta Department of Watershed Management (DWM): Official program page: Atlanta, GA
• City of Atlanta Department of Watershed Management (DWM): Official restriction notice: Atlanta, GA
• City of Atlanta Department of Watershed Management (DWM): Official restriction notice: Atlanta, GA
• City of Atlanta Department of Watershed Management (DWM): Official restriction notice: Atlanta, GA
• City of Atlanta Department of Watershed Management (DWM): Residential water rate schedule: Atlanta, GA
• Austin Water (City of Austin): Residential water rate schedule: Austin, TX
• Austin Water (City of Austin): Official program page: Austin, TX
• Austin Water (City of Austin): Official restriction notice: Austin, TX
• Austin Water (City of Austin): Official restriction notice: Austin, TX
• Austin Water (City of Austin): Residential water rate schedule: Austin, TX
• Austin Water (City of Austin): Residential water rate schedule: Austin, TX
• Charlotte Water (City of Charlotte): Residential water rate schedule: Charlotte, NC
• Charlotte Water (City of Charlotte): Official program page: Charlotte, NC
• Charlotte Water (City of Charlotte): Official restriction notice: Charlotte, NC
• Charlotte Water (City of Charlotte): Residential water rate schedule: Charlotte, NC
• Dallas Water Utilities (City of Dallas): Residential water rate schedule: Dallas, TX
• Dallas Water Utilities (City of Dallas): Official program page: Dallas, TX
• Dallas Water Utilities (City of Dallas): Official restriction notice: Dallas, TX
• Dallas Water Utilities (City of Dallas): Official restriction notice: Dallas, TX
• Dallas Water Utilities (City of Dallas): Residential water rate schedule: Dallas, TX
• Denver Water (Denver Board of Water Commissioners): Residential water rate schedule: Denver, CO
• Denver Water (Denver Board of Water Commissioners): Residential water rate schedule: Denver, CO
• City and County of Denver, Department of Transportation and Infrastructure, Wastewater Management (billed on the Denver Water bill): Residential sewer billing rules: Denver, CO
• Denver Water (Denver Board of Water Commissioners): Official restriction notice: Denver, CO
• Denver Water (Denver Board of Water Commissioners): Official restriction notice: Denver, CO
• Fort Worth Water (City of Fort Worth Water Department): Residential water rate schedule: Fort Worth, TX
• Fort Worth Water (City of Fort Worth Water Department): Official restriction notice: Fort Worth, TX
• Fort Worth Water (City of Fort Worth Water Department): Official restriction notice: Fort Worth, TX
• Fort Worth Water (City of Fort Worth Water Department): Official restriction notice: Fort Worth, TX
• Fort Worth Water (City of Fort Worth Water Department): Official restriction notice: Fort Worth, TX
• City of Fresno Department of Public Utilities, Water Division: Residential water rate schedule: Fresno, CA
• City of Fresno Department of Public Utilities, Water Division: Official program page: Fresno, CA
• City of Fresno Department of Public Utilities, Water Division: Official restriction notice: Fresno, CA
• City of Houston, Houston Public Works (Houston Water): Residential water rate schedule: Houston, TX
• City of Houston, Houston Public Works (Houston Water): Official restriction notice: Houston, TX
• City of Houston, Houston Public Works (Houston Water): Official restriction notice: Houston, TX
• Las Vegas Valley Water District (LVVWD), with Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) charges: Residential water rate schedule: Las Vegas, NV
• Las Vegas Valley Water District (LVVWD), with Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) charges: Residential water rate schedule: Las Vegas, NV
• Las Vegas Valley Water District (LVVWD), with Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) charges: Residential water rate schedule: Las Vegas, NV
• City of Las Vegas (sewer service fee, billed quarterly by the city, separate from LVVWD): Residential sewer billing rules: Las Vegas, NV
• Las Vegas Valley Water District (LVVWD), with Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) charges: Official program page: Las Vegas, NV
• Las Vegas Valley Water District (LVVWD), with Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) charges: Official restriction notice: Las Vegas, NV
• Las Vegas Valley Water District (LVVWD), with Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) charges: Official restriction notice: Las Vegas, NV
• Las Vegas Valley Water District (LVVWD), with Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) charges: Official restriction notice: Las Vegas, NV
• Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP): Residential water rate schedule: Los Angeles, CA
• Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP): Residential water rate schedule: Los Angeles, CA
• Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP): Residential water rate schedule: Los Angeles, CA
• City of Los Angeles, LA Sanitation and Environment (Sewer Service Charge, billed on the LADWP bill): Residential sewer billing rules: Los Angeles, CA
• City of Los Angeles, LA Sanitation and Environment (Sewer Service Charge, billed on the LADWP bill): Residential sewer rate schedule: Los Angeles, CA
• City of Los Angeles, LA Sanitation and Environment (Sewer Service Charge, billed on the LADWP bill): Official program page: Los Angeles, CA
• City of Los Angeles, LA Sanitation and Environment (Sewer Service Charge, billed on the LADWP bill): Official program page: Los Angeles, CA
• Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP): Official restriction notice: Los Angeles, CA
• Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP): Official restriction notice: Los Angeles, CA
• Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department (WASD), retail: Residential water rate schedule: Miami-Dade County (Miami), FL
• Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department (WASD), retail: Residential water rate schedule: Miami-Dade County (Miami), FL
• Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department (WASD), retail: Official program page: Miami-Dade County (Miami), FL
• Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department (WASD): Official program page: Miami-Dade County (Miami), FL
• Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department (WASD), retail: Official restriction notice: Miami-Dade County (Miami), FL
• Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department (WASD), retail: Residential water rate schedule: Miami-Dade County (Miami), FL
• Metro Water Services (Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County): Residential water rate schedule: Nashville, TN
• Metro Water Services: Residential sewer billing rules: Nashville, TN
• Metro Water Services: Official program page: Nashville, TN
• Metro Water Services (Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County): Official program page: Nashville, TN
• Metro Water Services (Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County): Official restriction notice: Nashville, TN
• Sewerage and Water Board of New Orleans (SWBNO): Residential water rate schedule: New Orleans, LA
• Sewerage and Water Board of New Orleans (SWBNO): Residential water rate schedule: New Orleans, LA
• Sewerage and Water Board of New Orleans (SWBNO): Official program page: New Orleans, LA
• City of Oklahoma City Utilities Department: Residential water rate schedule: Oklahoma City, OK
• City of Oklahoma City Utilities Department: Residential sewer billing rules: Oklahoma City, OK
• City of Oklahoma City Utilities Department: Official restriction notice: Oklahoma City, OK
• Orlando Utilities Commission (OUC): Residential water rate schedule: Orlando, FL
• Orlando Utilities Commission (OUC): Residential water rate schedule: Orlando, FL
• City of Orlando Public Works, Water Reclamation Division (billed on the OUC bill): Residential sewer billing rules: Orlando, FL
• Orlando Utilities Commission (OUC): Official program page: Orlando, FL
• Orlando Utilities Commission (OUC): Official restriction notice: Orlando, FL
• Orlando Utilities Commission (OUC): Residential water rate schedule: Orlando, FL
• City of Phoenix Water Services Department: Residential water rate schedule: Phoenix, AZ
• City of Phoenix Water Services Department: Residential water rate schedule: Phoenix, AZ
• City of Phoenix Water Services Department: Residential water rate schedule: Phoenix, AZ
• City of Phoenix Water Services Department (wastewater): Residential sewer rate schedule: Phoenix, AZ
• City of Phoenix Water Services Department (wastewater): Official program page: Phoenix, AZ
• City of Phoenix Water Services Department: Official restriction notice: Phoenix, AZ
• City of Phoenix Water Services Department: Residential water rate schedule: Phoenix, AZ
• City of Raleigh, Raleigh Water (Public Utilities): Residential water rate schedule: Raleigh, NC
• City of Raleigh, Raleigh Water (Public Utilities): Residential water rate schedule: Raleigh, NC
• City of Raleigh, Raleigh Water (Public Utilities): Official program page: Raleigh, NC
• City of Raleigh, Raleigh Water (Public Utilities): Official program page: Raleigh, NC
• City of Raleigh, Raleigh Water (Public Utilities): Official program page: Raleigh, NC
• City of Raleigh, Raleigh Water (Public Utilities): Official restriction notice: Raleigh, NC
• City of Raleigh, Raleigh Water (Public Utilities): Official restriction notice: Raleigh, NC
• City of Raleigh, Raleigh Water (Public Utilities): Official restriction notice: Raleigh, NC
• City of Raleigh, Raleigh Water (Public Utilities): Residential water rate schedule: Raleigh, NC
• Riverside Public Utilities (City of Riverside): Residential water rate schedule: Riverside, CA
• City of Riverside Public Works, Sewer Division: Residential sewer billing rules: Riverside, CA
• Riverside Public Utilities (City of Riverside): Official restriction notice: Riverside, CA
• City of Sacramento Department of Utilities: Residential water rate schedule: Sacramento, CA
• City of Sacramento Department of Utilities (collection, city-served areas) plus Sacramento Area Sewer District (SacSewer, treatment and resource recovery): Residential sewer billing rules: Sacramento, CA
• City of Sacramento Department of Utilities: Official program page: Sacramento, CA
• City of Sacramento Department of Utilities: Official restriction notice: Sacramento, CA
• Salt Lake City Department of Public Utilities: Residential water rate schedule: Salt Lake City, UT
• Salt Lake City Department of Public Utilities: Official restriction notice: Salt Lake City, UT
• Salt Lake City Department of Public Utilities: Official restriction notice: Salt Lake City, UT
• Salt Lake City Department of Public Utilities: Residential water rate schedule: Salt Lake City, UT
• San Antonio Water System (SAWS): Residential water rate schedule: San Antonio, TX
• San Antonio Water System (SAWS): Residential water rate schedule: San Antonio, TX
• San Antonio Water System (SAWS): Residential water rate schedule: San Antonio, TX
• San Antonio Water System (SAWS): Residential water rate schedule: San Antonio, TX
• San Antonio Water System (SAWS): Official program page: San Antonio, TX
• San Antonio Water System (SAWS): Official restriction notice: San Antonio, TX
• San Antonio Water System (SAWS): Official restriction notice: San Antonio, TX
• City of San Diego Public Utilities Department: Residential water rate schedule: San Diego, CA
• City of San Diego Public Utilities Department (wastewater): Residential sewer billing rules: San Diego, CA
• City of San Diego Public Utilities Department (wastewater): Residential sewer rate schedule: San Diego, CA
• City of San Diego Public Utilities Department: Official restriction notice: San Diego, CA
• City of San Diego Public Utilities Department: Residential water rate schedule: San Diego, CA
• City of Tampa Water Department (City of Tampa Utilities billing): Residential water rate schedule: Tampa, FL
• City of Tampa Wastewater Department (billed by City of Tampa Utilities): Residential sewer billing rules: Tampa, FL
• City of Tampa Water Department (City of Tampa Utilities billing): Official restriction notice: Tampa, FL
• City of Tampa Water Department (City of Tampa Utilities billing): Official restriction notice: Tampa, FL
• City of Tampa Water Department (City of Tampa Utilities billing): Residential water rate schedule: Tampa, FL
• Tucson Water (City of Tucson): Residential water rate schedule: Tucson, AZ
• Pima County Regional Wastewater Reclamation Department (billed on Tucson Water statement): Residential sewer billing rules: Tucson, AZ
• Pima County Regional Wastewater Reclamation Department (billed on Tucson Water statement): Residential sewer rate schedule: Tucson, AZ
• Tucson Water (City of Tucson): Official restriction notice: Tucson, AZ
• Tucson Water (City of Tucson): Residential water rate schedule: Tucson, AZ
• Tucson Water (City of Tucson): Residential water rate schedule: Tucson, AZ

Rate schedules and sources

1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. How We Use Water (WaterSense): United States. Accessed 2026-10-04.
2. U.S. Geological Survey. Water Science Glossary: United States. Accessed 2026-10-04.
3. City of Highfill, Arkansas. Do-It-Yourself Residential Customer Water Audit: Highfill, AR (municipal utility definition). Accessed 2026-10-04.
4. City of Thousand Oaks. Water Use: Thousand Oaks, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
5. City of Akron, Ohio. How to calculate the gallons in a swimming pool: Akron, OH (municipal utility guidance). Accessed 2026-10-04.
6. City of Mesa, Arizona. Is Your Pool Leaking? (Water Evaporation chart): Mesa, AZ. Accessed 2026-10-04.
7. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Jump Into Pool Water Efficiency (WaterSense): United States. Accessed 2026-10-04.
8. City of Chandler, Arizona. Pool Care: Chandler, AZ. Accessed 2026-10-04.
9. Town of Flower Mound, Texas. Pool Evaporation: Flower Mound, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
10. City of Phoenix Water Services. Draining and Backwashing Your Pool: Phoenix, AZ. Accessed 2026-10-04.
11. Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority (ABCWUA). Residential water rate schedule: Albuquerque, NM. Accessed 2026-10-04.
12. Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority (ABCWUA). Official restriction notice: Albuquerque, NM. Accessed 2026-10-04.
13. City of Atlanta Department of Watershed Management (DWM). Residential water rate schedule: Atlanta, GA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
14. City of Atlanta Department of Watershed Management (DWM). Official program page: Atlanta, GA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
15. City of Atlanta Department of Watershed Management (DWM). Official restriction notice: Atlanta, GA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
16. City of Atlanta Department of Watershed Management (DWM). Official restriction notice: Atlanta, GA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
17. City of Atlanta Department of Watershed Management (DWM). Official restriction notice: Atlanta, GA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
18. City of Atlanta Department of Watershed Management (DWM). Residential water rate schedule: Atlanta, GA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
19. Austin Water (City of Austin). Residential water rate schedule: Austin, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
20. Austin Water (City of Austin). Official program page: Austin, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
21. Austin Water (City of Austin). Official restriction notice: Austin, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
22. Austin Water (City of Austin). Official restriction notice: Austin, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
23. Austin Water (City of Austin). Residential water rate schedule: Austin, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
24. Austin Water (City of Austin). Residential water rate schedule: Austin, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
25. Charlotte Water (City of Charlotte). Residential water rate schedule: Charlotte, NC. Accessed 2026-10-04.
26. Charlotte Water (City of Charlotte). Official program page: Charlotte, NC. Accessed 2026-10-04.
27. Charlotte Water (City of Charlotte). Official restriction notice: Charlotte, NC. Accessed 2026-10-04.
28. Charlotte Water (City of Charlotte). Residential water rate schedule: Charlotte, NC. Accessed 2026-10-04.
29. Dallas Water Utilities (City of Dallas). Residential water rate schedule: Dallas, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
30. Dallas Water Utilities (City of Dallas). Official program page: Dallas, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
31. Dallas Water Utilities (City of Dallas). Official restriction notice: Dallas, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
32. Dallas Water Utilities (City of Dallas). Official restriction notice: Dallas, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
33. Dallas Water Utilities (City of Dallas). Residential water rate schedule: Dallas, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
34. Denver Water (Denver Board of Water Commissioners). Residential water rate schedule: Denver, CO. Accessed 2026-10-04.
35. Denver Water (Denver Board of Water Commissioners). Residential water rate schedule: Denver, CO. Accessed 2026-10-04.
36. City and County of Denver, Department of Transportation and Infrastructure, Wastewater Management (billed on the Denver Water bill). Residential sewer billing rules: Denver, CO. Accessed 2026-10-04.
37. Denver Water (Denver Board of Water Commissioners). Official restriction notice: Denver, CO. Accessed 2026-10-04.
38. Denver Water (Denver Board of Water Commissioners). Official restriction notice: Denver, CO. Accessed 2026-10-04.
39. Fort Worth Water (City of Fort Worth Water Department). Residential water rate schedule: Fort Worth, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
40. Fort Worth Water (City of Fort Worth Water Department). Official restriction notice: Fort Worth, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
41. Fort Worth Water (City of Fort Worth Water Department). Official restriction notice: Fort Worth, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
42. Fort Worth Water (City of Fort Worth Water Department). Official restriction notice: Fort Worth, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
43. Fort Worth Water (City of Fort Worth Water Department). Official restriction notice: Fort Worth, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
44. City of Fresno Department of Public Utilities, Water Division. Residential water rate schedule: Fresno, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
45. City of Fresno Department of Public Utilities, Water Division. Official program page: Fresno, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
46. City of Fresno Department of Public Utilities, Water Division. Official restriction notice: Fresno, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
47. City of Houston, Houston Public Works (Houston Water). Residential water rate schedule: Houston, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
48. City of Houston, Houston Public Works (Houston Water). Official restriction notice: Houston, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
49. City of Houston, Houston Public Works (Houston Water). Official restriction notice: Houston, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
50. Las Vegas Valley Water District (LVVWD), with Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) charges. Residential water rate schedule: Las Vegas, NV. Accessed 2026-10-04.
51. Las Vegas Valley Water District (LVVWD), with Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) charges. Residential water rate schedule: Las Vegas, NV. Accessed 2026-10-04.
52. Las Vegas Valley Water District (LVVWD), with Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) charges. Residential water rate schedule: Las Vegas, NV. Accessed 2026-10-04.
53. City of Las Vegas (sewer service fee, billed quarterly by the city, separate from LVVWD). Residential sewer billing rules: Las Vegas, NV. Accessed 2026-10-04.
54. Las Vegas Valley Water District (LVVWD), with Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) charges. Official program page: Las Vegas, NV. Accessed 2026-10-04.
55. Las Vegas Valley Water District (LVVWD), with Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) charges. Official restriction notice: Las Vegas, NV. Accessed 2026-10-04.
56. Las Vegas Valley Water District (LVVWD), with Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) charges. Official restriction notice: Las Vegas, NV. Accessed 2026-10-04.
57. Las Vegas Valley Water District (LVVWD), with Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA) charges. Official restriction notice: Las Vegas, NV. Accessed 2026-10-04.
58. Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP). Residential water rate schedule: Los Angeles, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
59. Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP). Residential water rate schedule: Los Angeles, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
60. Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP). Residential water rate schedule: Los Angeles, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
61. City of Los Angeles, LA Sanitation and Environment (Sewer Service Charge, billed on the LADWP bill). Residential sewer billing rules: Los Angeles, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
62. City of Los Angeles, LA Sanitation and Environment (Sewer Service Charge, billed on the LADWP bill). Residential sewer rate schedule: Los Angeles, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
63. City of Los Angeles, LA Sanitation and Environment (Sewer Service Charge, billed on the LADWP bill). Official program page: Los Angeles, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
64. City of Los Angeles, LA Sanitation and Environment (Sewer Service Charge, billed on the LADWP bill). Official program page: Los Angeles, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
65. Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP). Official restriction notice: Los Angeles, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
66. Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP). Official restriction notice: Los Angeles, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
67. Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department (WASD), retail. Residential water rate schedule: Miami-Dade County (Miami), FL. Accessed 2026-10-04.
68. Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department (WASD), retail. Residential water rate schedule: Miami-Dade County (Miami), FL. Accessed 2026-10-04.
69. Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department (WASD), retail. Official program page: Miami-Dade County (Miami), FL. Accessed 2026-10-04.
70. Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department (WASD). Official program page: Miami-Dade County (Miami), FL. Accessed 2026-10-04.
71. Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department (WASD), retail. Official restriction notice: Miami-Dade County (Miami), FL. Accessed 2026-10-04.
72. Miami-Dade Water and Sewer Department (WASD), retail. Residential water rate schedule: Miami-Dade County (Miami), FL. Accessed 2026-10-04.
73. Metro Water Services (Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County). Residential water rate schedule: Nashville, TN. Accessed 2026-10-04.
74. Metro Water Services. Residential sewer billing rules: Nashville, TN. Accessed 2026-10-04.
75. Metro Water Services. Official program page: Nashville, TN. Accessed 2026-10-04.
76. Metro Water Services (Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County). Official program page: Nashville, TN. Accessed 2026-10-04.
77. Metro Water Services (Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County). Official restriction notice: Nashville, TN. Accessed 2026-10-04.
78. Sewerage and Water Board of New Orleans (SWBNO). Residential water rate schedule: New Orleans, LA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
79. Sewerage and Water Board of New Orleans (SWBNO). Residential water rate schedule: New Orleans, LA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
80. Sewerage and Water Board of New Orleans (SWBNO). Official program page: New Orleans, LA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
81. City of Oklahoma City Utilities Department. Residential water rate schedule: Oklahoma City, OK. Accessed 2026-10-04.
82. City of Oklahoma City Utilities Department. Residential sewer billing rules: Oklahoma City, OK. Accessed 2026-10-04.
83. City of Oklahoma City Utilities Department. Official restriction notice: Oklahoma City, OK. Accessed 2026-10-04.
84. Orlando Utilities Commission (OUC). Residential water rate schedule: Orlando, FL. Accessed 2026-10-04.
85. Orlando Utilities Commission (OUC). Residential water rate schedule: Orlando, FL. Accessed 2026-10-04.
86. City of Orlando Public Works, Water Reclamation Division (billed on the OUC bill). Residential sewer billing rules: Orlando, FL. Accessed 2026-10-04.
87. Orlando Utilities Commission (OUC). Official program page: Orlando, FL. Accessed 2026-10-04.
88. Orlando Utilities Commission (OUC). Official restriction notice: Orlando, FL. Accessed 2026-10-04.
89. Orlando Utilities Commission (OUC). Residential water rate schedule: Orlando, FL. Accessed 2026-10-04.
90. City of Phoenix Water Services Department. Residential water rate schedule: Phoenix, AZ. Accessed 2026-10-04.
91. City of Phoenix Water Services Department. Residential water rate schedule: Phoenix, AZ. Accessed 2026-10-04.
92. City of Phoenix Water Services Department. Residential water rate schedule: Phoenix, AZ. Accessed 2026-10-04.
93. City of Phoenix Water Services Department (wastewater). Residential sewer rate schedule: Phoenix, AZ. Accessed 2026-10-04.
94. City of Phoenix Water Services Department (wastewater). Official program page: Phoenix, AZ. Accessed 2026-10-04.
95. City of Phoenix Water Services Department. Official restriction notice: Phoenix, AZ. Accessed 2026-10-04.
96. City of Phoenix Water Services Department. Residential water rate schedule: Phoenix, AZ. Accessed 2026-10-04.
97. City of Raleigh, Raleigh Water (Public Utilities). Residential water rate schedule: Raleigh, NC. Accessed 2026-10-04.
98. City of Raleigh, Raleigh Water (Public Utilities). Residential water rate schedule: Raleigh, NC. Accessed 2026-10-04.
99. City of Raleigh, Raleigh Water (Public Utilities). Official program page: Raleigh, NC. Accessed 2026-10-04.
100. City of Raleigh, Raleigh Water (Public Utilities). Official program page: Raleigh, NC. Accessed 2026-10-04.
101. City of Raleigh, Raleigh Water (Public Utilities). Official program page: Raleigh, NC. Accessed 2026-10-04.
102. City of Raleigh, Raleigh Water (Public Utilities). Official restriction notice: Raleigh, NC. Accessed 2026-10-04.
103. City of Raleigh, Raleigh Water (Public Utilities). Official restriction notice: Raleigh, NC. Accessed 2026-10-04.
104. City of Raleigh, Raleigh Water (Public Utilities). Official restriction notice: Raleigh, NC. Accessed 2026-10-04.
105. City of Raleigh, Raleigh Water (Public Utilities). Residential water rate schedule: Raleigh, NC. Accessed 2026-10-04.
106. Riverside Public Utilities (City of Riverside). Residential water rate schedule: Riverside, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
107. City of Riverside Public Works, Sewer Division. Residential sewer billing rules: Riverside, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
108. Riverside Public Utilities (City of Riverside). Official restriction notice: Riverside, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
109. City of Sacramento Department of Utilities. Residential water rate schedule: Sacramento, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
110. City of Sacramento Department of Utilities (collection, city-served areas) plus Sacramento Area Sewer District (SacSewer, treatment and resource recovery). Residential sewer billing rules: Sacramento, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
111. City of Sacramento Department of Utilities. Official program page: Sacramento, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
112. City of Sacramento Department of Utilities. Official restriction notice: Sacramento, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
113. Salt Lake City Department of Public Utilities. Residential water rate schedule: Salt Lake City, UT. Accessed 2026-10-04.
114. Salt Lake City Department of Public Utilities. Official restriction notice: Salt Lake City, UT. Accessed 2026-10-04.
115. Salt Lake City Department of Public Utilities. Official restriction notice: Salt Lake City, UT. Accessed 2026-10-04.
116. Salt Lake City Department of Public Utilities. Residential water rate schedule: Salt Lake City, UT. Accessed 2026-10-04.
117. San Antonio Water System (SAWS). Residential water rate schedule: San Antonio, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
118. San Antonio Water System (SAWS). Residential water rate schedule: San Antonio, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
119. San Antonio Water System (SAWS). Residential water rate schedule: San Antonio, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
120. San Antonio Water System (SAWS). Residential water rate schedule: San Antonio, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
121. San Antonio Water System (SAWS). Official program page: San Antonio, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
122. San Antonio Water System (SAWS). Official restriction notice: San Antonio, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
123. San Antonio Water System (SAWS). Official restriction notice: San Antonio, TX. Accessed 2026-10-04.
124. City of San Diego Public Utilities Department. Residential water rate schedule: San Diego, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
125. City of San Diego Public Utilities Department (wastewater). Residential sewer billing rules: San Diego, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
126. City of San Diego Public Utilities Department (wastewater). Residential sewer rate schedule: San Diego, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
127. City of San Diego Public Utilities Department. Official restriction notice: San Diego, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
128. City of San Diego Public Utilities Department. Residential water rate schedule: San Diego, CA. Accessed 2026-10-04.
129. City of Tampa Water Department (City of Tampa Utilities billing). Residential water rate schedule: Tampa, FL. Accessed 2026-10-04.
130. City of Tampa Wastewater Department (billed by City of Tampa Utilities). Residential sewer billing rules: Tampa, FL. Accessed 2026-10-04.
131. City of Tampa Water Department (City of Tampa Utilities billing). Official restriction notice: Tampa, FL. Accessed 2026-10-04.
132. City of Tampa Water Department (City of Tampa Utilities billing). Official restriction notice: Tampa, FL. Accessed 2026-10-04.
133. City of Tampa Water Department (City of Tampa Utilities billing). Residential water rate schedule: Tampa, FL. Accessed 2026-10-04.
134. Tucson Water (City of Tucson). Residential water rate schedule: Tucson, AZ. Accessed 2026-10-04.
135. Pima County Regional Wastewater Reclamation Department (billed on Tucson Water statement). Residential sewer billing rules: Tucson, AZ. Accessed 2026-10-04.
136. Pima County Regional Wastewater Reclamation Department (billed on Tucson Water statement). Residential sewer rate schedule: Tucson, AZ. Accessed 2026-10-04.
137. Tucson Water (City of Tucson). Official restriction notice: Tucson, AZ. Accessed 2026-10-04.
138. Tucson Water (City of Tucson). Residential water rate schedule: Tucson, AZ. Accessed 2026-10-04.
139. Tucson Water (City of Tucson). Residential water rate schedule: Tucson, AZ. Accessed 2026-10-04.